

The books on specific languages are optional. You will probably find that it helps to have a book on each of the languages, but it is not necessary that you have the book that is listed above. Some students have no problem doing without any of the language books. There may be references to these books in the course materials, but the information can be found in other books as well. The first language covered will be ML, so no book on the other languages will be needed for a while. Smalltalk will be covered next, and then Java. You may find it most difficult to do without a book on Java, because more of it will be left to your reading than the others.