#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using std::ostream;
using std::cout;  using std::endl;

class string {
public:
  string() : buf( new char[1]) {
    cout << "default" << endl;
    buf[0] = '\0';
  }
  string(const char* s) : buf(new char[strlen(s)+1]) {
    cout << "convert" << endl;
    strcpy(buf, s);
  }
  string(const string& s) : buf(new char[s.size()+1]) {
    cout << "copy" << endl;
    strcpy(buf, s.buf);
  }
  int size() const { return strlen(buf); }
  const char* getBuf() const { return buf; }
  void setBuf(const char* b) {
    delete [] buf;
    buf = new char[strlen(b)+1];
    strcpy(buf, b);
  }
  const string& operator=(const string& rhs) {
    cout << "assign" << endl;
    if (&rhs != this) { setBuf(rhs.buf); }
    return *this;
  }
private:
  char *buf;
};
ostream& operator<<(ostream &lhs, const string &s) { return lhs << s.getBuf(); }

class Test {
}

int main() {
  string x;
  string dog("dog");
  string cat = dog;
  x = cat;
}