#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using std::ostream;

class string {
public:
  string() : buf( new char[1]) { 
    std::cout << "default" << std::endl;
    buf[0] = '\0'; 
  }
  string(const char* s) : buf(new char[strlen(s)+1]) { 
    std::cout << "convert" << std::endl;
    strcpy(buf, s); 
  }
  string(const string& s) : buf(new char[s.size()+1]) {
    std::cout << "copy" << std::endl;
    strcpy(buf, s.buf);
  }
  ~string() { 
    std::cout << "destruct: " << buf << std::endl;
    delete [] buf; 
  }
  int size() const { return strlen(buf); }
  const char* getBuf() const { return buf; }
  void setBuf(const char* b);
  const string& operator=(const string& rhs);
private:
  char *buf;
};
ostream& operator<<(ostream &lhs, const string &s) { return lhs << s.getBuf(); }
const string& string::operator=(const string& rhs) { 
  std::cout << "assign" << std::endl;
}
void string::setBuf(const char* b) { }

class Test {
public:
  Test() : x("cat") { }
  //Test() { x = "cat"; }
private:
  string x;
};

void f(const string & s) {}

int main() {
  Test test;
}